PDF A careful reading of the KUBARK manual is essential for anyone involved in interrogation, if perhaps for no other reason than to uncover a definition of. Its purpose is to provide guidelines for KUBARK interrogation, and particularly the counterintelligence interrogation of resistant sources.
Contents.Army manuals These manuals were prepared by the U.S. Military and used between 1987 and 1991 for intelligence training courses at the U.S. Some of the material was similar to the older CIA manuals described below. The manuals were also distributed by Special Forces Mobile Training Teams to military personnel and intelligence schools in, and.The Pentagon press release accompanying the release stated that a 1991-92 investigation into the manuals concluded that 'two dozen short passages in six of the manuals, which total 1169 pages, contained material that either was not or could be interpreted not to be consistent with U.S. The Latin America Working Group criticized this: 'The unstated aim of the manuals is to train Latin American militaries to identify and suppress anti-government movements. Throughout the eleven hundred pages of the manuals, there are few mentions of democracy, human rights, or the rule of law. Instead, the manuals provide detailed techniques for infiltrating social movements, interrogating suspects, surveillance, maintaining military secrecy, recruiting and retaining spies, and controlling the population.
While the excerpts released by the Pentagon are a useful and not misleading selection of the most egregious passages, the ones most clearly advocating torture, execution and blackmail, they do not provide adequate insight into the manuals' highly objectionable framework. In the name of defending democracy, the manuals advocate profoundly undemocratic methods.'
After this 1992 investigation, the discontinued the use of the manuals, directed their recovery to the extent practicable, and destroyed the copies in the field. Southern Command advised governments in Latin America that the manuals contained passages that did not represent U.S. Government policy, and pursued recovery of the manuals from the governments and some individual students. Notably, and retained personal copies of the training manuals.Soon after, the U.S. Army issued the manual, which was used until September 2006, when it was superseded by.CIA manuals. The that details the use of tortureThe first manual, 'KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation', dated July 1963, is the source of much of the material in the second manual.
KUBARK was a U.S. For the CIA itself. The KUBARK appears in the title of a 1963 CIA document KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation which describes techniques, including, among other things, 'coercive counterintelligence interrogation of resistant sources'.
This is the oldest manual, and describes the use of abusive techniques, as exemplified by two references to the use of electric shock, in addition to use of threats and fear, sensory deprivation, and isolation.The second manual, 'Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual - 1983', was used in at least seven U.S. Training courses conducted in Latin American countries, including Honduras, between 1982 and 1987. According to a 1989 report prepared for the Senate intelligence committee, the 1983 manual was developed from notes of a CIA interrogation course in Honduras.Both manuals deal exclusively with interrogation.
Both manuals have an entire chapter devoted to 'coercive techniques'. These manuals recommend arresting suspects early in the morning by surprise, blindfolding them, and stripping them naked. Suspects should be held incommunicado and should be deprived of any kind of normal routine in eating and sleeping.
Interrogation rooms should be windowless, soundproof, dark and without toilets.The manuals advise that torture techniques can backfire and that the threat of pain is often more effective than pain itself. The manuals describe coercive techniques to be used 'to induce psychological regression in the subject by bringing a superior outside force to bear on his will to resist.' These techniques include prolonged constraint, prolonged exertion, extremes of heat, cold, or moisture, deprivation of food or sleep, disrupting routines, solitary confinement, threats of pain, deprivation of sensory stimuli, hypnosis, and use of drugs or placebos.Between 1984 and 1985, after congressional committees began questioning training techniques being used by the CIA in Latin America, the 1983 manual went through substantial revision. In 1985 a page advising against using coercive techniques was inserted at the front of Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual. Handwritten changes were also introduced haphazardly into the text. For example, 'While we do not stress the use of coercive techniques, we do want to make you aware of them and the proper way to use them', has been altered to, 'While we deplore the use of coercive techniques, we do want to make you aware of them so that you may avoid them.'
A-2) But the entire chapter on coercive techniques is still provided with some items crossed out.The same manual states the importance of knowing local laws regarding detention but then notes, 'Illegal detention always requires prior HQS headquarters approval.' B-2)The two manuals were completely declassified and released to the public in May 2004, and are now available online. The 1983 manual and Battalion 3-16 In 1983, the Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual - 1983 methods were used by the U.S.-trained Honduran.On January 24, 1997, KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation and Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual - 1983 were declassified in response to a request filed by the in 1994. The Baltimore Sun was investigating 'kidnapping, torture and murder' committed by the Honduran Battalion 3-16 death squad. The documents were released only after the Baltimore Sun had threatened to sue the CIA.In the June 11 to 18, 1995 four-part series, The Baltimore Sun printed excerpts of an interview with Florencio Caballero, a former member of Battalion 3-16. Caballero said CIA instructors taught him to discover what his prisoners loved and what they hated, 'If a person did not like cockroaches, then that person might be more cooperative if there were cockroaches running around the room' The methods taught in the 1983 manual and those used by Battalion 3-16 in the early 1980s show unmistakable similarities. In 1983, Caballero attended a CIA 'human resources exploitation or interrogation course,' according to declassified testimony by, who was the deputy director for operations at the time, before the June 1988.
The manual advises an interrogator to 'manipulate the subject's environment, to create unpleasant or intolerable situations.' The manual gives the suggestion that prisoners be and food, and made to maintain rigid positions, such as standing at attention for long periods. Ines Consuelo Murillo, who spent 78 days in Battalion 3-16's secret jails in 1983, said she was given no food or water for days, and one of her captors entered her room every 10 minutes and poured water over her head to keep her from sleeping.The 'Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual - 1983' gives the suggestion that interrogators show the prisoner letters from home to give the prisoner the impression that the prisoner's relatives are in danger or suffering.The Baltimore Sun reported that former Battalion 3-16 member Jose Barrera said he was taught interrogation methods by U.S.
Instructors in 1983: 'The first thing we would say is that we know your mother, your younger brother. And better you cooperate, because if you don't, we're going to bring them in and rape them and torture them and kill them.' See also.References. Retrieved November 7, 2007. Jones, Arthur; Dorothy Vidulich (October 4, 1996). National Catholic Reporter.
Dilip Hiro (2014). Called 'torture manuals'. Peter Foster (11 December 2014). The Telegraph.which served as the basis of the so-called 'torture manuals' that were provided by the CIA to at least seven Latin American countries in the 1980s. ^ Virginia Marie Bouvier (2002). Greenwood Publishing Group. P. 132.
^ Hodge, James; Linda Cooper (November 5, 2004). Archived from on 2008-01-13. See Also google the whale.to site.
Gill, Lesley (2004). Duke University Press. 49. Priest, Dana (September 21, 1996).: Section: A Pg.
Archived from on 2010-01-08. 'Fact Sheet Concerning Training Manuals Containing Materials Inconsistent With U.S. From the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Public Affairs Office.
August 27, 1992. Wheeler, Marcy (2009-05-18). Retrieved 2012-08-19.
^. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. Retrieved 2006-09-05. ^ Cohn, Gary; Ginger Thompson; Mark Matthews (27 January 1997).
The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-05. Archived from on 2006-06-15. Retrieved 2006-09-05. Weinberg, Bill (2000).
Homage to Chiapas: The New Indigenous Struggles in Mexico. 358External links has original text related to this article. Government files., U.S., May 12, 2004.
from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Public Affairs Office.
The CIA’s 1963 set of instructions on counterintelligence interrogation, known as the KUBARK manual, was first declassified in 1997.Describing interrogation techniques and approaches used during the Cold War, an old 1960s CIA counterintelligence interrogation manual advised covertly photographing the interrogation subject and also audio taping his interrogations.A tape player could free an interrogator from note taking, the CIA’s experts wrote, while also providing a live record of an interrogation that could replayed later. The manual’s author noted that for some of those interrogated, “the shock of hearing their own voices unexpectedly is unnerving.”Portions of the manual, originally declassified over 16 years ago, have remained censored until now. In March 2014, the CIA released a PDF of the manual, which contains new revelations that extend our knowledge of CIA interrogation activities.For example, in the case of audio taping interrogations, the newly declassified version of the manual adds that the CIA believed the doctoring of such tapes to be “effective.”“Tapes can also be edited and spliced, with effective results, if the tampering can be hidden,” the CIA manual explained in a section previously redacted.
The CIA further elaborated on the effects of having a tape “edited to make it sound like a confession.”While controversy remains pitched over the release of a portion of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence report on the CIA’s post-9/11 “enhanced interrogation” torture program, the CIA’s release of material – including portions that speak to the agency’s years-long use of foreign intelligence services for detention and interrogation – was quietly released with little fanfare. Meanwhile, and analysis by commentators demonstrate that the CIA about aspects of its post-9/11 rendition, detention and interrogation (torture) program.What has not been emphasized much until now is that the post-9/11 program in regards to torture, rendition and detention, both at “black sites” and by foreign intelligence services working with the CIA, is the continuation of a CIA practice going back decades.KUBARK as a Model for Interrogation and TortureThe CIA’s 1963 set of instructions on counterintelligence interrogation, known as the KUBARK manual, was first declassified in 1997. (KUBARK was the CIA’s own code name for itself.) Recently, since that initial declassification, I obtained an update of the CIA’s infamous document, obtained on March 12, 2013 via Mandatory Declassification Request. The document was obtained by using the FOIA-activist website Muckrock.com, and the document and all materials regarding its production, including my initial request, is at their site. The document (or on the thumbnail below).